1/25/2024 0 Comments English spelling alphabet table![]() ![]() ![]() Such notation is called a transcription, which may be very broad (giving only the minimal information needed to contrast one word with another), or it may be very narrow (giving a large amount of fine-grained phonetic detail), or somewhere in between. When we can identify the individual phones in a word, we want to have a suitable way to notate them that can be easily and consistently understood, so that the relevant information about the pronunciation can be conveyed in an unambiguous way to other linguists. For the purposes of this textbook, all words will be segmented for you, but it is important to remember that when working with raw data from a spoken language, it may not be so clear where the boundaries are between phones. In comparison, the waveform for wool has smooth transitions from beginning to end, with no obvious divisions between phones. The waveform for nab contains abrupt transitions between three very different regions, corresponding to three phones. Waveforms for the English words nab and wool. The two waveforms in Figure 3.19 show a notable difference in how easy it is to segment the English words nab and wool. We can see this difference by looking at waveforms, which are special pictures that graphically represent the air vibrations of sound waves. It is sometimes easy to find a clear separation between the phones in a given word, that is, to segment the word into its component phones, but sometimes, it can be very difficult. Note that we have been talking about phones as if it is obvious what they are, but this is not always the case. 3.6 The International Phonetic Alphabet Segmentation
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